Pcod Pcos is a condition that affects women’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce progesterone and oestrogen hormones that help in regulating the menstrual cycle and also produce small amount of hormones inhibin, relaxin, and male hormones called androgens.

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a medical condition in which the woman ovaries produce immature or partially mature eggs in large numbers and over the time these become cysts in ovaries. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a metabolic disorder in which the woman affected by hormonal imbalance in their reproductive years (between ages 12 and 51). Due to increase level of male hormones females might skip menstrual periods, have irregular ovulation making it hard to get pregnant, get abnormal hair growth on the body and face simultaneously it can lead to heart disease and diabetes in long term.

Ovarian Cyst

Ovarian cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that form on or within the ovaries, affecting women of all ages. Most of the cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, some can grow to dangerous sizes, posing significant health concerns
Ovarian cysts, fluid-filled sacs or pockets that form on or within the ovaries, are a common occurrence in females. These cysts, varying in size from a few millimetres to several

centimetres in diameter, are prevalent, with many women experiencing at least one during their lifetime.Type of Ovarian Cysts and Their Sizes
Understanding the various types of ovarian cysts and their sizes is crucial for proper diagnosis and management. Here are the different types of ovarian cysts.

• Functional Cysts

Functional cysts develop as a result of your regular menstrual cycle progression. However, there are instances when these cysts may continue to grow beyond the usual size. Let’s explore two examples of functional cysts below:

• Follicular Cyst
These particular functional cysts typically arise due to abnormal growth of a follicle in the ovary. As fluid accumulates within the follicle, it forms a sac or cyst. The good news is that these cysts are generally benign and do not pose a significant health risk. Most often, they will resolve naturally without requiring any treatment within a span of 8 to 12 weeks.

• Corpus Luteum Cyst

Corpus luteum cysts develop when the follicle sac, which remains empty after ovulation, fails to shrink as it normally should. Instead, the sac becomes sealed off and gradually fills with fluid, giving rise to a corpus luteum cyst.
The majority of functional cysts typically range from 2 to 5 centimetres (about 3/4 of an inch to 2 inches) in size. Ovulation usually occurs when these cysts are around 2 to 3 cm in diameter. However, in certain cases, these cysts can grow larger, reaching sizes of 8 to 12 cm (approximately 3 to 5 inches).

• OtherCysts(PathologicalCysts)
Ovarian cysts may not always be related to your menstrual cycle. While they typically do not indicate a serious illness, your doctor might monitor them to ensure no complications arise.

Additionally, there are other types of cysts to be aware of, which include:

• Endometriomas

Endometriomas typically referred to as chocolate cysts, are ovarian cysts caused by endometriosis. These cysts form when uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterus and attaches to organs, often near or on an ovary. Unfortunately, endometriomas can lead to pain, infertility, and heavy menstrual bleeding.

About 17-44% of women with endometriosis may have endometriomas, also known as chocolate cysts, due to their dark blood content. They can vary in size.

• Cystadenomas

Cystadenomas, benign tumours on the ovarian surface, contain watery or mucus-like fluid. On ultrasound, they may resemble functional cysts but persist and grow larger over time. Some cystadenomas can be small (around 1 to 3 cm), while others can reach significant sizes, up to 30 cm (almost a foot).